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A Holocene CO2 record from the stomatal index of subfossil Salix herbacea L. leaves from northern Sweden

Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Department of Quaternary Geology, Lund University, Tornavägen 13, S-223 63, Lund, Sweden

David Beerling

Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK

A stomatal-based method of palaeo-CO₂ estimation has been applied to a temporally detailed sequence of leaves from a high-latitude lake (68°N) in northern Sweden spanning the last 9000 years. The resulting atmospheric CO₂ reconstruction documents the onset of a gradual increase c. 5000 years before present indicating that the carbon cycle has not been in steady state over this time. Stable carbon isotope (¹³C) measurements of the subfossil leaves constrain the interpretation of the inferred changes in the operation of the global carbon cycle. The ¹³C data reveal no marked or systematic shifts towards more negative values indicating that the CO₂ addition to the atmosphere 5000–1000 yr BP may have been predominantly of oceanic origin.

Key Words: CO2 reconstruction • stomata • Holocene • carbon isotopes

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