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A late-Holocene and prehistoric record of environmental change from Lake Waikaremoana, New Zealand

Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, England, UK

David J. Lowe

Department of Earth Sciences and Geochronology Research Unit, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand

Brent W. Matthews

Department of Earth Sciences and Geochronology Research Unit, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand; Centre for Advanced Numerical Computation in Engineering and Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

Further evidence in support of a late pre-European (Polynesian) settlement of New Zealand is pro vided by an 1850-year-long tephropalynological record from a remote region in New Zealand's North Island. The earliest unequivocally anthropogenic forest clearance is estimated from sedimentation rates to have occurred c. 375 ¹⁴C years BP (c. ad 1523–1631), although the radiocarbon chronology, shown by tephrochron ology to be erroneous due to hard-water effects, suggested this occurred c. 900 years earlier. Delineation of the anthropogenic era, and the distinction between human activity and other agents of environmental change in the pollen/spore diagram, are supported by cluster analysis and detrended correspondence analysis. Two distinct phases of forest clearance are evident during the pre-European era, reflecting local changes either in population pressure or settlement patterns. We note that the lull between the two phases of forest clearance coincides with the maximum of the ‘Little Ice Age’ within the period c. late ad 1600s to early 1800s.

Key Words: Palynology • tephrochronology • tephropalynology • human impact • Polynesian deforestation • radiocarbon dating • hard-water error • bracken • palaeoclimate • Lake Waikaremoana • New Zealand • late Holocene

The Holocene, Vol. 8, No. 4, 443-454 (1998)
DOI: 10.1191/095968398672490834


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