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Solid electrical conductivity (ECM) from four Agassiz ice cores, Ellesmere Island NWT, Canada: high-resolution signal and noise over the last millennium and low resolution over the Holocene

Akira Kudo

National Research Council, Montreal Rd Campus, Building M12, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada

David A. Fisher

Glaciology Section, Terrain Sciences Division, Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth St., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E8, Canada

Erik W. Blake

M. Gerasimoff

Icefield Instruments Inc., Box 5567, Whitehorse, Yukon Y1A 5H4, NWT, Canada

The solid DC electrical conductivity (ECM – Electrical Conductivity Method) of polar ice cores has become an important tool in identifying and quantifying volcanic acid layers, and this paper addresses the question of how much signal and noise there is in single ECM series. A number of high-resolution (10 samples/year) ice-core ECM records from the Agassiz Ice Cap are correlated over the last 900 years. Corre lations decrease with distance apart due to local drift and melt layer noise, but correlations are probably reduced also by differences in methodology and core storage. It is found that only peak sizes in the uppermost two percentiles retain their ranking and recognizability from core to core. With continuous sampling, however, the smaller peaks can be cross-identified between cores, even though they lose their size rank. Averaging or stacking several ECM records reduces the noise. Five-year averages of ECM for the Holocene are presented for the Agassiz cores and their correlations interpreted as functions of distance apart and differences in method. The large-scale melting in the early Holocene (8ka to 10ka) almost completely de-acidifies the ice in all the Agas siz cores.

Key Words: Electrical conductivity method • ECM • ice cores • high-resolution records • signal • noise • volcanic and layers • de-acidification • Agassiz Ice Cap • Ellesmere Island • Canada • Arctic

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