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The Holocene
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The Hekla 3 volcanic eruption recorded in a Scottish speleothem?

Andy Baker

Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Devon, EX4 4RJ, UK

Peter L. Smart

Department of Geography, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1SS, UK

W.L. Barnes

Department of Physics, University of Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QL, UK

R. Lawrence Edwards

Minnesota Isotope Laboratory, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455, USA

Andy Farrant

Department of Geography, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1SS, UK

Recent research has demonstrated the presence of annual luminescent growth banding in a stalagmite from Sutherland, N.W. Scotland (Baker, Smart, Edwards and Richards, 1993). The banding record of this sample contains a short duration increase in annual band width, indicating a doubling of growth rate for a period of four years. Predicted growth rates derived from calcite precipitation kinetics are compared with observed growth-rate variability to demonstrate that such a doubling of growth rate would not be expected within the probable range of normal climate variation. The growth rate peak is dated to 1135 ± 130 BC by thermal ionization mass spectrometric 238U-234 U-230Th dating, not inconsistent with the timing of the Hekla 3 volcanic eruption. This event may explain the observed variation in growth rate, and provide a new source of evidence for interpretation of the effects of large explosive eruptions.

Key Words: Stalagmite • speleothem • luminescence • annual banding • growth rate • Hekla 3.

The Holocene, Vol. 5, No. 3, 336-342 (1995)
DOI: 10.1177/095968369500500309
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[Abstract] [PDF]