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The Holocene
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Tsunami sedimentation associated with the Lisbon earthquake of 1 November AD 1755: Boca do Rio, Algarve, Portugal

A.G. Dawson

Centre for Quaternary Science, Division of Geography, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK

R. Hindson

Centre for Quaternary Science, Division of Geography, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK

C. Andrade

Centro e Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edificio C2, Piso 5, Campo Grande, 1700 Lisboa, Portugal

C. Freitas

Centro e Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edificio C2, Piso 5, Campo Grande, 1700 Lisboa, Portugal

R. Parish

Geography Laboratory, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QN, UK

M. Bateman

Geography Laboratory, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QN, UK

A description is given of a distinctive marine deposit at Boca do Rio on the Algarve coast of Portugal. It is proposed here that the sediment accumulation was deposited by the tsunami generated by the Lisbon earthquake of 1 November, AD 1755. The deposit exhibits sedimentary characteristics quite unlike other coastal sediment accumulations that are deposited by more moderate wave régimes. These include laterally continuous sand layers, chaotic pebble horizons, large amounts of gravel-sized shell debris and distinctive assemblages of marine microfossils. A preliminary attempt is made here to use the empirical field and laboratory data to define more clearly the processes of coastal sedimentation that characterize tsunami runup. The use of tsunami sediments as time synchronous marker horizons is also discussed.

Key Words: Lisbon earthquake • tsunami • coastal sedimentation • extreme events • grain-size analysis • marine mollusca • foraminifera • nannoplankton • Algarve • Portugal.

The Holocene, Vol. 5, No. 2, 209-215 (1995)
DOI: 10.1177/095968369500500208
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