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The Holocene
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Glaciar León, Chilean Patagonia: late-Holocene chronology and geomorphology

Stephan Harrison

School of Geography, Archaeology and Earth Resources, Exeter University, Tremough Campus, Exeter TR10 9EZ, UK, Stephan.harrison{at}ex.ac.uk

Neil Glasser

Centre for Glaciology, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK

Vanessa Winchester

School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, Oxford, UK

Eleanor Haresign

School of Geography and Geosciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK

Charles Warren

School of Geography and Geosciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK

Geoff A.T. Duller

Centre for Glaciology, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK

Richard Bailey

School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, Oxford, UK

Susan Ivy-Ochs

Particle Physics, ETH-Honggerberg, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland

Krister Jansson

Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Physical Geography, University of Zurich-Irchel, CH- 8057, Zurich

Peter Kubik

PSI c/o Particle Physics, ETH-Honggerberg, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland

Glaciar León is a temperate, grounded outlet of the eastern North Patagonian Icefield (NPI). It terminates at an active calving margin in Lago Leones, a 10 km long proglacial lake. We take a multidisciplinary approach to its description and use ASTER imagery and clast sedimentology to describe the geomorphology of the glacier and its associated moraines. We date periods of glacier retreat over the last 2500 years using a combination of lichenometric, dendrochronological, cosmogenic and optically stimulated luminescence techniques and show that the glacier receded from a large terminal moraine complex some 2500 years ago and underwent further significant recession from nineteenth-century moraine limits. The moraine dates indicate varying retreat rates, in conjunction with significant downwasting. The bathymetry of Lago Leones is characterized by distinct ridges interpreted as moraine ridges that dissect the lake into several basins, with water depths reaching 360 m. The fluctuations of Glaciar León appear to have been controlled by the interplay between climatic forcing and calving dynamics.

Key Words: Geomorphology • `Little Ice Age' • Patagonia • glacier fluctuations • calving dynamics • late Holocene • chronology • Chile.

The Holocene, Vol. 18, No. 4, 643-652 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0959683607086771
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