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A glacial lake outburst flood associated with recent mountain glacier retreat, Patagonian AndesSchool of Geography, Archaeology and Earth Resources, Exeter University, Cornwall Campus, Penryn TRIO 9EZ, UK; stephan.harrison{at}ex.ac.uk
Centre for Glaciology, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK
School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
School of Geography and Geosciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden Geomorphological mapping, sedimentology, lichenometry and dendrochronology were used to assess the nature and timing of glacier recession, moraine development and catastrophic mass movements in a tributary of the Leones valley, east of the Hielo Patagónico Norte, Chile. We show that during the 'Little Ice Age' Glaciar Calafate advanced downvalley to produce a terminal moraine. Recession of the glacier from this position occurred in the 1 870s and produced a moraine dammed lake. In late 2000 a large rockfall into the lake breached the moraine and triggered a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) that entrained and subsequently deposited some 2 x 106 m3 of material. We interpret this event as a delayed paraglacial response to the retreat of Glaciar Calafate during the twentieth century.
Key Words: Glacier • Patagonia • mass movement • glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) • 'Little Ice Age' • paraglacial
The Holocene, Vol. 16, No. 4,
611-620 (2006) |
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