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The Holocene
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‘Little Ice Age’ glacier fluctuations, Gran Campo Nevado, southernmost Chile

Johannes Koch

Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1s6, Canada; jkoch{at}sfu.ca

Rolf Kilian

Lehrstuhl für Geologie, FB VI, Universität Trier, 54286 Trier, Germany

Moraine systems of Glaciar Lengua (unofficial name) and neighbouring glaciers of Gran Campo Nevado (53°S) in the southernmost Andes were mapped and dated by dendrochronological means. They were formed around AD 1628, 1872/1875, 1886, 1902, 1912 and 1941 with the advance in the 1870s being calendar dated. Recessional moraines within each moraine system correspond to brief standstills or minor readvances. A significantly older moraine could not be directly dated by dendrochronological methods as the forest on it was assumed to be second-generation or older. From soil-formation rates, it is assumed that this moraine was formed at some time between AD 1280 and 1460, a time in which many other glaciers in Patagonia formed moraines. Overall, fluctuations of Glaciar Lengua show a strong synchronicity to other glaciers in the Patagonian Andes between 41°S and 55°S. This study suggests that Glaciar Lengua and possibly all glaciers of Gran Campo Nevado reached their Holocene maximum during the‘Little Ice Age.’

Key Words: ‘Little Ice Age’ • glacier variations • dendrochronology • southernmost Andes • late Holocene

The Holocene, Vol. 15, No. 1, 20-28 (2005)
DOI: 10.1191/0959683605hl780rp
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