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The influence of biotic drivers on North American palaeorecords: alternatives to climate

Joseph M. Crainel

Landcare Research, Private Bag 1930, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA crain010{at}umn.edu

Kendra K. McLauchlan

Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA

Biotic causes of changes in palaeorecords are discussed as a counterbalance to the (over) emphasis on climatic drivers in the interpretation of palaeoecological change. Biotic and climatic drivers are considered as competing hypotheses with particular reference to the importance of early-Holocene drought in the northern central grassland region of North America. It is concluded that the observed patterns are explained better by grazers than by the direct effects of climatic variation. The elevation of biotic factors as competing hypotheses with climate will require new conceptual and methodological approaches to palaeoecology in North America.

Key Words: Biotic factors • grazing • biotic drivers • climate change • environmental change • Great Plains • North America • palaeoenvironments • Holocene

The Holocene, Vol. 14, No. 5, 787-791 (2004)
DOI: 10.1191/0959683604hl758fa
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