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Low-frequency summer temperature variation in central Sweden since the tenth century inferred from tree rings

Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; bjorne{at}natgeo.su.se

Hans W. Linderholm

Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

Living and subfossil Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sampled close to the present tree-line in the central Scandinavian Mountains were used to build a continuous 1091-year long tree-ring-width chronology, spanning from ad 909 to 1998. Summer temperatures of the growth year had the highest influence on annual growth. The Håckren chronology represent a record of summer temperatures, where periods of low growth and poor regeneration of pine represent unfavourable climate conditions. Low growth was encountered in the mid-twelfth, thirteenth, late sixteenth, early seventeenth and late eighteenth centuries. Periods of high growth (high regeneration rate and above-average growth), indicating high summer temperatures, were recognized in the mid-tenth to late eleventh, mid-fourteenth, mid-seventeenth and twentieth centuries. As the chronology is well correlated with other high-latitude proxy data from Fennoscandia, as well as the Northern Hemisphere, we argue that the Håckren chronology is a valid proxy-data record of regional summer temperatures.

Key Words: Dendroclimatology • tree rings • Pinus sylvestris • climate • summer temperature • central Sweden • late Holocene

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