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The Holocene
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Drought and dust deposition in the West African Sahel: a 5500-year record from Kajemarum Oasis, northeastern Nigeria

F. A. Street-Perrott

Department of Geography, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK

J. A. Holmes

M. P. Waller

M. J. Allen

School of Geography, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK

N. G. H. Barber

School of Geography, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TB, UK

P. A. Fothergill

Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK

D. D. Harkness

NERC Radiocarbon Laboratory, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride, Glasgow G75 0QF, UK

M. Ivanovich

Enterpris, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6BX, UK

D. Kroon

Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, UK

R. A. Perrott

Department of Geography, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK

A high-resolution, multiproxy palaeolimnological record from the Manga Grasslands, northeastern Nigeria, spanning the last 5500 calendar years, reveals the episodic deterioration in Sahelian climate as significant biogeophysical thresholds were crossed. Desert-dust deposition began to increase 4700 cal. BP. Rainfall during the summer-monsoon season declined permanently after 4100 cal. BP. A further significant change in atmospheric circulation, giving rise to multidecadal to centennial-scale droughts and enhanced dust deposition, occurred 1500 cal. BP. Hence, the post-1968 Sahel drought is not unique. The prolonged arid episode that occurred around 1200–1000 cal. BP in Ethiopia, the Sahel and tropical Mexico may have been linked to an abrupt cooling event in the North Atlantic and to a cluster of intense El Niño-Southern Oscillation events in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific.

Key Words: Lake sediments • aeolian dust • ostracods • palaeolimnology • Sahel • West Africa • Holocene

The Holocene, Vol. 10, No. 3, 293-302 (2000)
DOI: 10.1191/095968300678141274
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